entity.inc

<?php

/**
 * Interface for entity controller classes.
 *
 * All entity controller classes specified via the 'controller class' key
 * returned by hook_entity_info() or hook_entity_info_alter() have to implement
 * this interface.
 *
 * Most simple, SQL-based entity controllers will do better by extending
 * DrupalDefaultEntityController instead of implementing this interface
 * directly.
 */
interface DrupalEntityControllerInterface {

  /**
   * Resets the internal, static entity cache.
   *
   * @param $ids
   *   (optional) If specified, the cache is reset for the entities with the
   *   given ids only.
   */
  public function resetCache(array $ids = NULL);

  /**
   * Loads one or more entities.
   *
   * @param $ids
   *   An array of entity IDs, or FALSE to load all entities.
   * @param $conditions
   *   An array of conditions. Keys are field names on the entity's base table.
   *   Values will be compared for equality. All the comparisons will be ANDed
   *   together. This parameter is deprecated; use an EntityFieldQuery instead.
   *
   * @return
   *   An array of entity objects indexed by their ids. When no results are
   *   found, an empty array is returned.
   */
  public function load($ids = array(), $conditions = array());

}

/**
 * Default implementation of DrupalEntityControllerInterface.
 *
 * This class can be used as-is by most simple entity types. Entity types
 * requiring special handling can extend the class.
 */
class DrupalDefaultEntityController implements DrupalEntityControllerInterface {

  /**
   * Static cache of entities, keyed by entity ID.
   *
   * @var array
   */
  protected $entityCache;

  /**
   * Entity type for this controller instance.
   *
   * @var string
   */
  protected $entityType;

  /**
   * Array of information about the entity.
   *
   * @var array
   *
   * @see entity_get_info()
   */
  protected $entityInfo;

  /**
   * Additional arguments to pass to hook_TYPE_load().
   *
   * Set before calling DrupalDefaultEntityController::attachLoad().
   *
   * @var array
   */
  protected $hookLoadArguments;

  /**
   * Name of the entity's ID field in the entity database table.
   *
   * @var string
   */
  protected $idKey;

  /**
   * Name of entity's revision database table field, if it supports revisions.
   *
   * Has the value FALSE if this entity does not use revisions.
   *
   * @var string
   */
  protected $revisionKey;

  /**
   * The table that stores revisions, if the entity supports revisions.
   *
   * @var string
   */
  protected $revisionTable;

  /**
   * Whether this entity type should use the static cache.
   *
   * Set by entity info.
   *
   * @var boolean
   */
  protected $cache;

  /**
   * Constructor: sets basic variables.
   *
   * @param $entityType
   *   The entity type for which the instance is created.
   */
  public function __construct($entityType) {
    $this->entityType = $entityType;
    $this->entityInfo = entity_get_info($entityType);
    $this->entityCache = array();
    $this->hookLoadArguments = array();
    $this->idKey = $this->entityInfo['entity keys']['id'];

    // Check if the entity type supports revisions.
    if (!empty($this->entityInfo['entity keys']['revision'])) {
      $this->revisionKey = $this->entityInfo['entity keys']['revision'];
      $this->revisionTable = $this->entityInfo['revision table'];
    }
    else {
      $this->revisionKey = FALSE;
    }

    // Check if the entity type supports static caching of loaded entities.
    $this->cache = !empty($this->entityInfo['static cache']);
  }

  /**
   * Implements DrupalEntityControllerInterface::resetCache().
   */
  public function resetCache(array $ids = NULL) {
    if (isset($ids)) {
      foreach ($ids as $id) {
        unset($this->entityCache[$id]);
      }
    }
    else {
      $this->entityCache = array();
    }
  }

  /**
   * Implements DrupalEntityControllerInterface::load().
   */
  public function load($ids = array(), $conditions = array()) {
    $entities = array();

    // Revisions are not statically cached, and require a different query to
    // other conditions, so separate the revision id into its own variable.
    if ($this->revisionKey && isset($conditions[$this->revisionKey])) {
      $revision_id = $conditions[$this->revisionKey];
      unset($conditions[$this->revisionKey]);
    }
    else {
      $revision_id = FALSE;
    }

    // Create a new variable which is either a prepared version of the $ids
    // array for later comparison with the entity cache, or FALSE if no $ids
    // were passed. The $ids array is reduced as items are loaded from cache,
    // and we need to know if it's empty for this reason to avoid querying the
    // database when all requested entities are loaded from cache.
    $passed_ids = !empty($ids) ? array_flip($ids) : FALSE;

    // Try to load entities from the static cache, if the entity type supports
    // static caching.
    if ($this->cache && !$revision_id) {
      $entities += $this
        ->cacheGet($ids, $conditions);

      // If any entities were loaded, remove them from the ids still to load.
      if ($passed_ids) {
        $ids = array_keys(array_diff_key($passed_ids, $entities));
      }
    }

    // Ensure integer entity IDs are valid.
    if (!empty($ids)) {
      $this
        ->cleanIds($ids);
    }

    // Load any remaining entities from the database. This is the case if $ids
    // is set to FALSE (so we load all entities), if there are any ids left to
    // load, if loading a revision, or if $conditions was passed without $ids.
    if ($ids === FALSE || $ids || $revision_id || $conditions && !$passed_ids) {

      // Build the query.
      $query = $this
        ->buildQuery($ids, $conditions, $revision_id);
      $queried_entities = $query
        ->execute()
        ->fetchAllAssoc($this->idKey);
    }

    // Pass all entities loaded from the database through $this->attachLoad(),
    // which attaches fields (if supported by the entity type) and calls the
    // entity type specific load callback, for example hook_node_load().
    if (!empty($queried_entities)) {
      $this
        ->attachLoad($queried_entities, $revision_id);
      $entities += $queried_entities;
    }
    if ($this->cache) {

      // Add entities to the cache if we are not loading a revision.
      if (!empty($queried_entities) && !$revision_id) {
        $this
          ->cacheSet($queried_entities);
      }
    }

    // Ensure that the returned array is ordered the same as the original
    // $ids array if this was passed in and remove any invalid ids.
    if ($passed_ids) {

      // Remove any invalid ids from the array.
      $passed_ids = array_intersect_key($passed_ids, $entities);
      foreach ($entities as $entity) {
        $passed_ids[$entity->{$this->idKey}] = $entity;
      }
      $entities = $passed_ids;
    }
    return $entities;
  }

  /**
   * Ensures integer entity IDs are valid.
   *
   * The identifier sanitization provided by this method has been introduced
   * as Drupal used to rely on the database to facilitate this, which worked
   * correctly with MySQL but led to errors with other DBMS such as PostgreSQL.
   *
   * @param array $ids
   *   The entity IDs to verify. Non-integer IDs are removed from this array if
   *   the entity type requires IDs to be integers.
   */
  protected function cleanIds(&$ids) {
    $entity_info = entity_get_info($this->entityType);
    if (isset($entity_info['base table field types'])) {
      $id_type = $entity_info['base table field types'][$this->idKey];
      if ($id_type == 'serial' || $id_type == 'int') {
        $ids = array_filter($ids, array(
          $this,
          'filterId',
        ));
        $ids = array_map('intval', $ids);
      }
    }
  }

  /**
   * Callback for array_filter that removes non-integer IDs.
   */
  protected function filterId($id) {
    return is_numeric($id) && $id == (int) $id;
  }

  /**
   * Builds the query to load the entity.
   *
   * This has full revision support. For entities requiring special queries,
   * the class can be extended, and the default query can be constructed by
   * calling parent::buildQuery(). This is usually necessary when the object
   * being loaded needs to be augmented with additional data from another
   * table, such as loading node type into comments or vocabulary machine name
   * into terms, however it can also support $conditions on different tables.
   * See CommentController::buildQuery() or TaxonomyTermController::buildQuery()
   * for examples.
   *
   * @param $ids
   *   An array of entity IDs, or FALSE to load all entities.
   * @param $conditions
   *   An array of conditions. Keys are field names on the entity's base table.
   *   Values will be compared for equality. All the comparisons will be ANDed
   *   together. This parameter is deprecated; use an EntityFieldQuery instead.
   * @param $revision_id
   *   The ID of the revision to load, or FALSE if this query is asking for the
   *   most current revision(s).
   *
   * @return SelectQuery
   *   A SelectQuery object for loading the entity.
   */
  protected function buildQuery($ids, $conditions = array(), $revision_id = FALSE) {
    $query = db_select($this->entityInfo['base table'], 'base');
    $query
      ->addTag($this->entityType . '_load_multiple');
    if ($revision_id) {
      $query
        ->join($this->revisionTable, 'revision', "revision.{$this->idKey} = base.{$this->idKey} AND revision.{$this->revisionKey} = :revisionId", array(
        ':revisionId' => $revision_id,
      ));
    }
    elseif ($this->revisionKey) {
      $query
        ->join($this->revisionTable, 'revision', "revision.{$this->revisionKey} = base.{$this->revisionKey}");
    }

    // Add fields from the {entity} table.
    $entity_fields = $this->entityInfo['schema_fields_sql']['base table'];
    if ($this->revisionKey) {

      // Add all fields from the {entity_revision} table.
      $entity_revision_fields = drupal_map_assoc($this->entityInfo['schema_fields_sql']['revision table']);

      // The id field is provided by entity, so remove it.
      unset($entity_revision_fields[$this->idKey]);

      // Remove all fields from the base table that are also fields by the same
      // name in the revision table.
      $entity_field_keys = array_flip($entity_fields);
      foreach ($entity_revision_fields as $key => $name) {
        if (isset($entity_field_keys[$name])) {
          unset($entity_fields[$entity_field_keys[$name]]);
        }
      }
      $query
        ->fields('revision', $entity_revision_fields);
    }
    $query
      ->fields('base', $entity_fields);
    if ($ids) {
      $query
        ->condition("base.{$this->idKey}", $ids, 'IN');
    }
    if ($conditions) {
      foreach ($conditions as $field => $value) {
        $query
          ->condition('base.' . $field, $value);
      }
    }
    return $query;
  }

  /**
   * Attaches data to entities upon loading.
   *
   * This will attach fields, if the entity is fieldable. It calls
   * hook_entity_load() for modules which need to add data to all entities.
   * It also calls hook_TYPE_load() on the loaded entities. For example
   * hook_node_load() or hook_user_load(). If your hook_TYPE_load()
   * expects special parameters apart from the queried entities, you can set
   * $this->hookLoadArguments prior to calling the method.
   * See NodeController::attachLoad() for an example.
   *
   * @param $queried_entities
   *   Associative array of query results, keyed on the entity ID.
   * @param $revision_id
   *   ID of the revision that was loaded, or FALSE if the most current revision
   *   was loaded.
   */
  protected function attachLoad(&$queried_entities, $revision_id = FALSE) {

    // Attach fields.
    if ($this->entityInfo['fieldable']) {
      if ($revision_id) {
        field_attach_load_revision($this->entityType, $queried_entities);
      }
      else {
        field_attach_load($this->entityType, $queried_entities);
      }
    }

    // Call hook_entity_load().
    foreach (module_implements('entity_load') as $module) {
      $function = $module . '_entity_load';
      $function($queried_entities, $this->entityType);
    }

    // Call hook_TYPE_load(). The first argument for hook_TYPE_load() are
    // always the queried entities, followed by additional arguments set in
    // $this->hookLoadArguments.
    $args = array_merge(array(
      $queried_entities,
    ), $this->hookLoadArguments);
    foreach (module_implements($this->entityInfo['load hook']) as $module) {
      call_user_func_array($module . '_' . $this->entityInfo['load hook'], $args);
    }
  }

  /**
   * Gets entities from the static cache.
   *
   * @param $ids
   *   If not empty, return entities that match these IDs.
   * @param $conditions
   *   If set, return entities that match all of these conditions.
   *
   * @return
   *   Array of entities from the entity cache.
   */
  protected function cacheGet($ids, $conditions = array()) {
    $entities = array();

    // Load any available entities from the internal cache.
    if (!empty($this->entityCache)) {
      if ($ids) {
        $entities += array_intersect_key($this->entityCache, array_flip($ids));
      }
      elseif ($conditions) {
        $entities = $this->entityCache;
      }
    }

    // Exclude any entities loaded from cache if they don't match $conditions.
    // This ensures the same behavior whether loading from memory or database.
    if ($conditions) {
      foreach ($entities as $entity) {

        // Iterate over all conditions and compare them to the entity
        // properties. We cannot use array_diff_assoc() here since the
        // conditions can be nested arrays, too.
        foreach ($conditions as $property_name => $condition) {
          if (is_array($condition)) {

            // Multiple condition values for one property are treated as OR
            // operation: only if the value is not at all in the condition array
            // we remove the entity.
            if (!in_array($entity->{$property_name}, $condition)) {
              unset($entities[$entity->{$this->idKey}]);
              continue 2;
            }
          }
          elseif ($condition != $entity->{$property_name}) {
            unset($entities[$entity->{$this->idKey}]);
            continue 2;
          }
        }
      }
    }
    return $entities;
  }

  /**
   * Stores entities in the static entity cache.
   *
   * @param $entities
   *   Entities to store in the cache.
   */
  protected function cacheSet($entities) {
    $this->entityCache += $entities;
  }

}

/**
 * Exception thrown by EntityFieldQuery() on unsupported query syntax.
 *
 * Some storage modules might not support the full range of the syntax for
 * conditions, and will raise an EntityFieldQueryException when an unsupported
 * condition was specified.
 */
class EntityFieldQueryException extends Exception {

}

/**
 * Retrieves entities matching a given set of conditions.
 *
 * This class allows finding entities based on entity properties (for example,
 * node->changed), field values, and generic entity meta data (bundle,
 * entity type, entity ID, and revision ID). It is not possible to query across
 * multiple entity types. For example, there is no facility to find published
 * nodes written by users created in the last hour, as this would require
 * querying both node->status and user->created.
 *
 * Normally we would not want to have public properties on the object, as that
 * allows the object's state to become inconsistent too easily. However, this
 * class's standard use case involves primarily code that does need to have
 * direct access to the collected properties in order to handle alternate
 * execution routines. We therefore use public properties for simplicity. Note
 * that code that is simply creating and running a field query should still use
 * the appropriate methods to add conditions on the query.
 *
 * Storage engines are not required to support every type of query. By default,
 * an EntityFieldQueryException will be raised if an unsupported condition is
 * specified or if the query has field conditions or sorts that are stored in
 * different field storage engines. However, this logic can be overridden in
 * hook_entity_query_alter().
 *
 * Also note that this query does not automatically respect entity access
 * restrictions. Node access control is performed by the SQL storage engine but
 * other storage engines might not do this.
 */
class EntityFieldQuery {

  /**
   * Indicates that both deleted and non-deleted fields should be returned.
   *
   * @see EntityFieldQuery::deleted()
   */
  const RETURN_ALL = NULL;

  /**
   * TRUE if the query has already been altered, FALSE if it hasn't.
   *
   * Used in alter hooks to check for cloned queries that have already been
   * altered prior to the clone (for example, the pager count query).
   *
   * @var boolean
   */
  public $altered = FALSE;

  /**
   * Associative array of entity-generic metadata conditions.
   *
   * @var array
   *
   * @see EntityFieldQuery::entityCondition()
   */
  public $entityConditions = array();

  /**
   * List of field conditions.
   *
   * @var array
   *
   * @see EntityFieldQuery::fieldCondition()
   */
  public $fieldConditions = array();

  /**
   * List of field meta conditions (language and delta).
   *
   * Field conditions operate on columns specified by hook_field_schema(),
   * the meta conditions operate on columns added by the system: delta
   * and language. These can not be mixed with the field conditions because
   * field columns can have any name including delta and language.
   *
   * @var array
   *
   * @see EntityFieldQuery::fieldLanguageCondition()
   * @see EntityFieldQuery::fieldDeltaCondition()
   */
  public $fieldMetaConditions = array();

  /**
   * List of property conditions.
   *
   * @var array
   *
   * @see EntityFieldQuery::propertyCondition()
   */
  public $propertyConditions = array();

  /**
   * List of order clauses.
   *
   * @var array
   */
  public $order = array();

  /**
   * The query range.
   *
   * @var array
   *
   * @see EntityFieldQuery::range()
   */
  public $range = array();

  /**
   * The query pager data.
   *
   * @var array
   *
   * @see EntityFieldQuery::pager()
   */
  public $pager = array();

  /**
   * Query behavior for deleted data.
   *
   * TRUE to return only deleted data, FALSE to return only non-deleted data,
   * EntityFieldQuery::RETURN_ALL to return everything.
   *
   * @see EntityFieldQuery::deleted()
   */
  public $deleted = FALSE;

  /**
   * A list of field arrays used.
   *
   * Field names passed to EntityFieldQuery::fieldCondition() and
   * EntityFieldQuery::fieldOrderBy() are run through field_info_field() before
   * stored in this array. This way, the elements of this array are field
   * arrays.
   *
   * @var array
   */
  public $fields = array();

  /**
   * TRUE if this is a count query, FALSE if it isn't.
   *
   * @var boolean
   */
  public $count = FALSE;

  /**
   * Flag indicating whether this is querying current or all revisions.
   *
   * @var int
   *
   * @see EntityFieldQuery::age()
   */
  public $age = FIELD_LOAD_CURRENT;

  /**
   * A list of the tags added to this query.
   *
   * @var array
   *
   * @see EntityFieldQuery::addTag()
   */
  public $tags = array();

  /**
   * A list of metadata added to this query.
   *
   * @var array
   *
   * @see EntityFieldQuery::addMetaData()
   */
  public $metaData = array();

  /**
   * The ordered results.
   *
   * @var array
   *
   * @see EntityFieldQuery::execute().
   */
  public $orderedResults = array();

  /**
   * The method executing the query, if it is overriding the default.
   *
   * @var string
   *
   * @see EntityFieldQuery::execute().
   */
  public $executeCallback = '';

  /**
   * Adds a condition on entity-generic metadata.
   *
   * If the overall query contains only entity conditions or ordering, or if
   * there are property conditions, then specifying the entity type is
   * mandatory. If there are field conditions or ordering but no property
   * conditions or ordering, then specifying an entity type is optional. While
   * the field storage engine might support field conditions on more than one
   * entity type, there is no way to query across multiple entity base tables by
   * default. To specify the entity type, pass in 'entity_type' for $name,
   * the type as a string for $value, and no $operator (it's disregarded).
   *
   * 'bundle', 'revision_id' and 'entity_id' have no such restrictions.
   *
   * Note: The "comment" entity type does not support bundle conditions.
   *
   * @param $name
   *   'entity_type', 'bundle', 'revision_id' or 'entity_id'.
   * @param $value
   *   The value for $name. In most cases, this is a scalar. For more complex
   *   options, it is an array. The meaning of each element in the array is
   *   dependent on $operator.
   * @param $operator
   *   Possible values:
   *   - '=', '<>', '>', '>=', '<', '<=', 'STARTS_WITH', 'CONTAINS': These
   *     operators expect $value to be a literal of the same type as the
   *     column.
   *   - 'IN', 'NOT IN': These operators expect $value to be an array of
   *     literals of the same type as the column.
   *   - 'BETWEEN': This operator expects $value to be an array of two literals
   *     of the same type as the column.
   *   The operator can be omitted, and will default to 'IN' if the value is an
   *   array, or to '=' otherwise.
   *
   * @return EntityFieldQuery
   *   The called object.
   */
  public function entityCondition($name, $value, $operator = NULL) {

    // The '!=' operator is deprecated in favour of the '<>' operator since the
    // latter is ANSI SQL compatible.
    if ($operator == '!=') {
      $operator = '<>';
    }
    $this->entityConditions[$name] = array(
      'value' => $value,
      'operator' => $operator,
    );
    return $this;
  }

  /**
   * Adds a condition on field values.
   *
   * Note that entities with empty field values will be excluded from the
   * EntityFieldQuery results when using this method.
   *
   * @param $field
   *   Either a field name or a field array.
   * @param $column
   *   The column that should hold the value to be matched, defined in the
   *   hook_field_schema() of this field. If this is omitted then all of the
   *   other parameters are ignored, except $field, and this call will just be
   *   adding a condition that says that the field has a value, rather than
   *   testing the value itself.
   * @param $value
   *   The value to test the column value against. In most cases, this is a
   *   scalar. For more complex options, it is an array. The meaning of each
   *   element in the array is dependent on $operator.
   * @param $operator
   *   The operator to be used to test the given value. The possible values are:
   *   - '=', '<>', '>', '>=', '<', '<=', 'STARTS_WITH', 'CONTAINS': These
   *     operators expect $value to be a literal of the same type as the
   *     column.
   *   - 'IN', 'NOT IN': These operators expect $value to be an array of
   *     literals of the same type as the column.
   *   - 'BETWEEN': This operator expects $value to be an array of two literals
   *     of the same type as the column.
   *   The operator can be omitted, and will default to 'IN' if the value is an
   *   array, or to '=' otherwise.
   * @param $delta_group
   *   An arbitrary identifier: conditions in the same group must have the same
   *   $delta_group. For example, let's presume a multivalue field which has
   *   two columns, 'color' and 'shape', and for entity ID 1, there are two
   *   values: red/square and blue/circle. Entity ID 1 does not have values
   *   corresponding to 'red circle'; however if you pass 'red' and 'circle' as
   *   conditions, it will appear in the results -- by default queries will run
   *   against any combination of deltas. By passing the conditions with the
   *   same $delta_group it will ensure that only values attached to the same
   *   delta are matched, and entity 1 would then be excluded from the results.
   * @param $language_group
   *   An arbitrary identifier: conditions in the same group must have the same
   *   $language_group.
   *
   * @return EntityFieldQuery
   *   The called object.
   *
   * @see EntityFieldQuery::addFieldCondition
   * @see EntityFieldQuery::deleted
   */
  public function fieldCondition($field, $column = NULL, $value = NULL, $operator = NULL, $delta_group = NULL, $language_group = NULL) {
    return $this
      ->addFieldCondition($this->fieldConditions, $field, $column, $value, $operator, $delta_group, $language_group);
  }

  /**
   * Adds a condition on the field language column.
   *
   * @param $field
   *   Either a field name or a field array.
   * @param $value
   *   The value to test the column value against.
   * @param $operator
   *   The operator to be used to test the given value.
   * @param $delta_group
   *   An arbitrary identifier: conditions in the same group must have the same
   *   $delta_group.
   * @param $language_group
   *   An arbitrary identifier: conditions in the same group must have the same
   *   $language_group.
   *
   * @return EntityFieldQuery
   *   The called object.
   *
   * @see EntityFieldQuery::addFieldCondition
   * @see EntityFieldQuery::deleted
   */
  public function fieldLanguageCondition($field, $value = NULL, $operator = NULL, $delta_group = NULL, $language_group = NULL) {
    return $this
      ->addFieldCondition($this->fieldMetaConditions, $field, 'language', $value, $operator, $delta_group, $language_group);
  }

  /**
   * Adds a condition on the field delta column.
   *
   * @param $field
   *   Either a field name or a field array.
   * @param $value
   *   The value to test the column value against.
   * @param $operator
   *   The operator to be used to test the given value.
   * @param $delta_group
   *   An arbitrary identifier: conditions in the same group must have the same
   *   $delta_group.
   * @param $language_group
   *   An arbitrary identifier: conditions in the same group must have the same
   *   $language_group.
   *
   * @return EntityFieldQuery
   *   The called object.
   *
   * @see EntityFieldQuery::addFieldCondition
   * @see EntityFieldQuery::deleted
   */
  public function fieldDeltaCondition($field, $value = NULL, $operator = NULL, $delta_group = NULL, $language_group = NULL) {
    return $this
      ->addFieldCondition($this->fieldMetaConditions, $field, 'delta', $value, $operator, $delta_group, $language_group);
  }

  /**
   * Adds the given condition to the proper condition array.
   *
   * @param $conditions
   *   A reference to an array of conditions.
   * @param $field
   *   Either a field name or a field array.
   * @param $column
   *   The column that should hold the value to be matched, defined in the
   *   hook_field_schema() of this field. If this is omitted then all of the
   *   other parameters are ignored, except $field, and this call will just be
   *   adding a condition that says that the field has a value, rather than
   *   testing the value itself.
   * @param $value
   *   The value to test the column value against. In most cases, this is a
   *   scalar. For more complex options, it is an array. The meaning of each
   *   element in the array is dependent on $operator.
   * @param $operator
   *   Possible values:
   *   - '=', '<>', '>', '>=', '<', '<=', 'STARTS_WITH', 'CONTAINS': These
   *     operators expect $value to be a literal of the same type as the
   *     column.
   *   - 'IN', 'NOT IN': These operators expect $value to be an array of
   *     literals of the same type as the column.
   *   - 'BETWEEN': This operator expects $value to be an array of two literals
   *     of the same type as the column.
   *   The operator can be omitted, and will default to 'IN' if the value is an
   *   array, or to '=' otherwise.
   * @param $delta_group
   *   An arbitrary identifier: conditions in the same group must have the same
   *   $delta_group. For example, let's presume a multivalue field which has
   *   two columns, 'color' and 'shape', and for entity ID 1, there are two
   *   values: red/square and blue/circle. Entity ID 1 does not have values
   *   corresponding to 'red circle', however if you pass 'red' and 'circle' as
   *   conditions, it will appear in the results -- by default queries will run
   *   against any combination of deltas. By passing the conditions with the
   *   same $delta_group it will ensure that only values attached to the same
   *   delta are matched, and entity 1 would then be excluded from the results.
   * @param $language_group
   *   An arbitrary identifier: conditions in the same group must have the same
   *   $language_group.
   *
   * @return EntityFieldQuery
   *   The called object.
   */
  protected function addFieldCondition(&$conditions, $field, $column = NULL, $value = NULL, $operator = NULL, $delta_group = NULL, $language_group = NULL) {

    // The '!=' operator is deprecated in favour of the '<>' operator since the
    // latter is ANSI SQL compatible.
    if ($operator == '!=') {
      $operator = '<>';
    }
    if (is_scalar($field)) {
      $field_definition = field_info_field($field);
      if (empty($field_definition)) {
        throw new EntityFieldQueryException(t('Unknown field: @field_name', array(
          '@field_name' => $field,
        )));
      }
      $field = $field_definition;
    }

    // Ensure the same index is used for field conditions as for fields.
    $index = count($this->fields);
    $this->fields[$index] = $field;
    if (isset($column)) {
      $conditions[$index] = array(
        'field' => $field,
        'column' => $column,
        'value' => $value,
        'operator' => $operator,
        'delta_group' => $delta_group,
        'language_group' => $language_group,
      );
    }
    return $this;
  }

  /**
   * Adds a condition on an entity-specific property.
   *
   * An $entity_type must be specified by calling
   * EntityFieldCondition::entityCondition('entity_type', $entity_type) before
   * executing the query. Also, by default only entities stored in SQL are
   * supported; however, EntityFieldQuery::executeCallback can be set to handle
   * different entity storage.
   *
   * @param $column
   *   A column defined in the hook_schema() of the base table of the entity.
   * @param $value
   *   The value to test the field against. In most cases, this is a scalar. For
   *   more complex options, it is an array. The meaning of each element in the
   *   array is dependent on $operator.
   * @param $operator
   *   Possible values:
   *   - '=', '<>', '>', '>=', '<', '<=', 'STARTS_WITH', 'CONTAINS': These
   *     operators expect $value to be a literal of the same type as the
   *     column.
   *   - 'IN', 'NOT IN': These operators expect $value to be an array of
   *     literals of the same type as the column.
   *   - 'BETWEEN': This operator expects $value to be an array of two literals
   *     of the same type as the column.
   *   The operator can be omitted, and will default to 'IN' if the value is an
   *   array, or to '=' otherwise.
   *
   * @return EntityFieldQuery
   *   The called object.
   */
  public function propertyCondition($column, $value, $operator = NULL) {

    // The '!=' operator is deprecated in favour of the '<>' operator since the
    // latter is ANSI SQL compatible.
    if ($operator == '!=') {
      $operator = '<>';
    }
    $this->propertyConditions[] = array(
      'column' => $column,
      'value' => $value,
      'operator' => $operator,
    );
    return $this;
  }

  /**
   * Orders the result set by entity-generic metadata.
   *
   * If called multiple times, the query will order by each specified column in
   * the order this method is called.
   *
   * Note: The "comment" and "taxonomy_term" entity types don't support ordering
   * by bundle. For "taxonomy_term", propertyOrderBy('vid') can be used instead.
   *
   * @param $name
   *   'entity_type', 'bundle', 'revision_id' or 'entity_id'.
   * @param $direction
   *   The direction to sort. Legal values are "ASC" and "DESC".
   *
   * @return EntityFieldQuery
   *   The called object.
   */
  public function entityOrderBy($name, $direction = 'ASC') {
    $this->order[] = array(
      'type' => 'entity',
      'specifier' => $name,
      'direction' => $direction,
    );
    return $this;
  }

  /**
   * Orders the result set by a given field column.
   *
   * If called multiple times, the query will order by each specified column in
   * the order this method is called. Note that entities with empty field
   * values will be excluded from the EntityFieldQuery results when using this
   * method.
   *
   * @param $field
   *   Either a field name or a field array.
   * @param $column
   *   A column defined in the hook_field_schema() of this field. entity_id and
   *   bundle can also be used.
   * @param $direction
   *   The direction to sort. Legal values are "ASC" and "DESC".
   *
   * @return EntityFieldQuery
   *   The called object.
   */
  public function fieldOrderBy($field, $column, $direction = 'ASC') {
    if (is_scalar($field)) {
      $field_definition = field_info_field($field);
      if (empty($field_definition)) {
        throw new EntityFieldQueryException(t('Unknown field: @field_name', array(
          '@field_name' => $field,
        )));
      }
      $field = $field_definition;
    }

    // Save the index used for the new field, for later use in field storage.
    $index = count($this->fields);
    $this->fields[$index] = $field;
    $this->order[] = array(
      'type' => 'field',
      'specifier' => array(
        'field' => $field,
        'index' => $index,
        'column' => $column,
      ),
      'direction' => $direction,
    );
    return $this;
  }

  /**
   * Orders the result set by an entity-specific property.
   *
   * An $entity_type must be specified by calling
   * EntityFieldCondition::entityCondition('entity_type', $entity_type) before
   * executing the query.
   *
   * If called multiple times, the query will order by each specified column in
   * the order this method is called.
   *
   * @param $column
   *   The column on which to order.
   * @param $direction
   *   The direction to sort. Legal values are "ASC" and "DESC".
   *
   * @return EntityFieldQuery
   *   The called object.
   */
  public function propertyOrderBy($column, $direction = 'ASC') {
    $this->order[] = array(
      'type' => 'property',
      'specifier' => $column,
      'direction' => $direction,
    );
    return $this;
  }

  /**
   * Sets the query to be a count query only.
   *
   * @return EntityFieldQuery
   *   The called object.
   */
  public function count() {
    $this->count = TRUE;
    return $this;
  }

  /**
   * Restricts a query to a given range in the result set.
   *
   * @param $start
   *   The first entity from the result set to return. If NULL, removes any
   *   range directives that are set.
   * @param $length
   *   The number of entities to return from the result set.
   *
   * @return EntityFieldQuery
   *   The called object.
   */
  public function range($start = NULL, $length = NULL) {
    $this->range = array(
      'start' => $start,
      'length' => $length,
    );
    return $this;
  }

  /**
   * Enables a pager for the query.
   *
   * @param $limit
   *   An integer specifying the number of elements per page.  If passed a false
   *   value (FALSE, 0, NULL), the pager is disabled.
   * @param $element
   *   An optional integer to distinguish between multiple pagers on one page.
   *   If not provided, one is automatically calculated.
   *
   * @return EntityFieldQuery
   *   The called object.
   */
  public function pager($limit = 10, $element = NULL) {
    if (!isset($element)) {
      $element = PagerDefault::$maxElement++;
    }
    elseif ($element >= PagerDefault::$maxElement) {
      PagerDefault::$maxElement = $element + 1;
    }
    $this->pager = array(
      'limit' => $limit,
      'element' => $element,
    );
    return $this;
  }

  /**
   * Enables sortable tables for this query.
   *
   * @param $headers
   *   An EFQ Header array based on which the order clause is added to the
   *   query.
   *
   * @return EntityFieldQuery
   *   The called object.
   */
  public function tableSort(&$headers) {

    // If 'field' is not initialized, the header columns aren't clickable
    foreach ($headers as $key => $header) {
      if (is_array($header) && isset($header['specifier'])) {
        $headers[$key]['field'] = '';
      }
    }
    $order = tablesort_get_order($headers);
    $direction = tablesort_get_sort($headers);
    foreach ($headers as $header) {
      if (is_array($header) && $header['data'] == $order['name']) {
        if ($header['type'] == 'field') {
          $this
            ->fieldOrderBy($header['specifier']['field'], $header['specifier']['column'], $direction);
        }
        else {
          $header['direction'] = $direction;
          $this->order[] = $header;
        }
      }
    }
    return $this;
  }

  /**
   * Filters on the data being deleted.
   *
   * @param $deleted
   *   TRUE to only return deleted data, FALSE to return non-deleted data,
   *   EntityFieldQuery::RETURN_ALL to return everything. Defaults to FALSE.
   *
   * @return EntityFieldQuery
   *   The called object.
   */
  public function deleted($deleted = TRUE) {
    $this->deleted = $deleted;
    return $this;
  }

  /**
   * Queries the current or every revision.
   *
   * Note that this only affects field conditions. Property conditions always
   * apply to the current revision.
   * @TODO: Once revision tables have been cleaned up, revisit this.
   *
   * @param $age
   *   - FIELD_LOAD_CURRENT (default): Query the most recent revisions for all
   *     entities. The results will be keyed by entity type and entity ID.
   *   - FIELD_LOAD_REVISION: Query all revisions. The results will be keyed by
   *     entity type and entity revision ID.
   *
   * @return EntityFieldQuery
   *   The called object.
   */
  public function age($age) {
    $this->age = $age;
    return $this;
  }

  /**
   * Adds a tag to the query.
   *
   * Tags are strings that mark a query so that hook_query_alter() and
   * hook_query_TAG_alter() implementations may decide if they wish to alter
   * the query. A query may have any number of tags, and they must be valid PHP
   * identifiers (composed of letters, numbers, and underscores). For example,
   * queries involving nodes that will be displayed for a user need to add the
   * tag 'node_access', so that the node module can add access restrictions to
   * the query.
   *
   * If an entity field query has tags, it must also have an entity type
   * specified, because the alter hook will need the entity base table.
   *
   * @param string $tag
   *   The tag to add.
   *
   * @return EntityFieldQuery
   *   The called object.
   */
  public function addTag($tag) {
    $this->tags[$tag] = $tag;
    return $this;
  }

  /**
   * Adds additional metadata to the query.
   *
   * Sometimes a query may need to provide additional contextual data for the
   * alter hook. The alter hook implementations may then use that information
   * to decide if and how to take action.
   *
   * @param $key
   *   The unique identifier for this piece of metadata. Must be a string that
   *   follows the same rules as any other PHP identifier.
   * @param $object
   *   The additional data to add to the query. May be any valid PHP variable.
   *
   * @return EntityFieldQuery
   *   The called object.
   */
  public function addMetaData($key, $object) {
    $this->metaData[$key] = $object;
    return $this;
  }

  /**
   * Executes the query.
   *
   * After executing the query, $this->orderedResults will contain a list of
   * the same stub entities in the order returned by the query. This is only
   * relevant if there are multiple entity types in the returned value and
   * a field ordering was requested. In every other case, the returned value
   * contains everything necessary for processing.
   *
   * @return
   *   Either a number if count() was called or an array of associative arrays
   *   of stub entities. The outer array keys are entity types, and the inner
   *   array keys are the relevant ID. (In most cases this will be the entity
   *   ID. The only exception is when age=FIELD_LOAD_REVISION is used and field
   *   conditions or sorts are present -- in this case, the key will be the
   *   revision ID.) The entity type will only exist in the outer array if
   *   results were found. The inner array values are always stub entities, as
   *   returned by entity_create_stub_entity(). To traverse the returned array:
   *   @code
   *     foreach ($query->execute() as $entity_type => $entities) {
   *       foreach ($entities as $entity_id => $entity) {
   *   @endcode
   *   Note if the entity type is known, then the following snippet will load
   *   the entities found:
   *   @code
   *     $result = $query->execute();
   *     if (!empty($result[$my_type])) {
   *       $entities = entity_load($my_type, array_keys($result[$my_type]));
   *     }
   *   @endcode
   */
  public function execute() {

    // Give a chance to other modules to alter the query.
    drupal_alter('entity_query', $this);
    $this->altered = TRUE;

    // Initialize the pager.
    $this
      ->initializePager();

    // Execute the query using the correct callback.
    $result = call_user_func($this
      ->queryCallback(), $this);
    return $result;
  }

  /**
   * Determines the query callback to use for this entity query.
   *
   * @return
   *   A callback that can be used with call_user_func().
   */
  public function queryCallback() {

    // Use the override from $this->executeCallback. It can be set either
    // while building the query, or using hook_entity_query_alter().
    if (function_exists($this->executeCallback)) {
      return $this->executeCallback;
    }

    // If there are no field conditions and sorts, and no execute callback
    // then we default to querying entity tables in SQL.
    if (empty($this->fields)) {
      return array(
        $this,
        'propertyQuery',
      );
    }

    // If no override, find the storage engine to be used.
    foreach ($this->fields as $field) {
      if (!isset($storage)) {
        $storage = $field['storage']['module'];
      }
      elseif ($storage != $field['storage']['module']) {
        throw new EntityFieldQueryException(t("Can't handle more than one field storage engine"));
      }
    }
    if ($storage) {

      // Use hook_field_storage_query() from the field storage.
      return $storage . '_field_storage_query';
    }
    else {
      throw new EntityFieldQueryException(t("Field storage engine not found."));
    }
  }

  /**
   * Queries entity tables in SQL for property conditions and sorts.
   *
   * This method is only used if there are no field conditions and sorts.
   *
   * @return
   *   See EntityFieldQuery::execute().
   */
  protected function propertyQuery() {
    if (empty($this->entityConditions['entity_type'])) {
      throw new EntityFieldQueryException(t('For this query an entity type must be specified.'));
    }
    $entity_type = $this->entityConditions['entity_type']['value'];
    $entity_info = entity_get_info($entity_type);
    if (empty($entity_info['base table'])) {
      throw new EntityFieldQueryException(t('Entity %entity has no base table.', array(
        '%entity' => $entity_type,
      )));
    }
    $base_table = $entity_info['base table'];
    $base_table_schema = drupal_get_schema($base_table);
    $select_query = db_select($base_table);
    $select_query
      ->addExpression(':entity_type', 'entity_type', array(
      ':entity_type' => $entity_type,
    ));

    // Process the property conditions.
    foreach ($this->propertyConditions as $property_condition) {
      $this
        ->addCondition($select_query, $base_table . '.' . $property_condition['column'], $property_condition);
    }

    // Process the four possible entity condition.
    // The id field is always present in entity keys.
    $sql_field = $entity_info['entity keys']['id'];
    $id_map['entity_id'] = $sql_field;
    $select_query
      ->addField($base_table, $sql_field, 'entity_id');
    if (isset($this->entityConditions['entity_id'])) {
      $this
        ->addCondition($select_query, $base_table . '.' . $sql_field, $this->entityConditions['entity_id']);
    }

    // If there is a revision key defined, use it.
    if (!empty($entity_info['entity keys']['revision'])) {
      $sql_field = $entity_info['entity keys']['revision'];
      $select_query
        ->addField($base_table, $sql_field, 'revision_id');
      if (isset($this->entityConditions['revision_id'])) {
        $this
          ->addCondition($select_query, $base_table . '.' . $sql_field, $this->entityConditions['revision_id']);
      }
    }
    else {
      $sql_field = 'revision_id';
      $select_query
        ->addExpression('NULL', 'revision_id');
    }
    $id_map['revision_id'] = $sql_field;

    // Handle bundles.
    if (!empty($entity_info['entity keys']['bundle'])) {
      $sql_field = $entity_info['entity keys']['bundle'];
      $having = FALSE;
      if (!empty($base_table_schema['fields'][$sql_field])) {
        $select_query
          ->addField($base_table, $sql_field, 'bundle');
      }
    }
    else {
      $sql_field = 'bundle';
      $select_query
        ->addExpression(':bundle', 'bundle', array(
        ':bundle' => $entity_type,
      ));
      $having = TRUE;
    }
    $id_map['bundle'] = $sql_field;
    if (isset($this->entityConditions['bundle'])) {
      if (!empty($entity_info['entity keys']['bundle'])) {
        $this
          ->addCondition($select_query, $base_table . '.' . $sql_field, $this->entityConditions['bundle'], $having);
      }
      else {

        // This entity has no bundle, so invalidate the query.
        $select_query
          ->where('1 = 0');
      }
    }

    // Order the query.
    foreach ($this->order as $order) {
      if ($order['type'] == 'entity') {
        $key = $order['specifier'];
        if (!isset($id_map[$key])) {
          throw new EntityFieldQueryException(t('Do not know how to order on @key for @entity_type', array(
            '@key' => $key,
            '@entity_type' => $entity_type,
          )));
        }
        $select_query
          ->orderBy($id_map[$key], $order['direction']);
      }
      elseif ($order['type'] == 'property') {
        $select_query
          ->orderBy($base_table . '.' . $order['specifier'], $order['direction']);
      }
    }
    return $this
      ->finishQuery($select_query);
  }

  /**
   * Gets the total number of results and initializes a pager for the query.
   *
   * The pager can be disabled by either setting the pager limit to 0, or by
   * setting this query to be a count query.
   */
  function initializePager() {
    if ($this->pager && !empty($this->pager['limit']) && !$this->count) {
      $page = pager_find_page($this->pager['element']);
      $count_query = clone $this;
      $this->pager['total'] = $count_query
        ->count()
        ->execute();
      $this->pager['start'] = $page * $this->pager['limit'];
      pager_default_initialize($this->pager['total'], $this->pager['limit'], $this->pager['element']);
      $this
        ->range($this->pager['start'], $this->pager['limit']);
    }
  }

  /**
   * Finishes the query.
   *
   * Adds tags, metaData, range and returns the requested list or count.
   *
   * @param SelectQuery $select_query
   *   A SelectQuery which has entity_type, entity_id, revision_id and bundle
   *   fields added.
   * @param $id_key
   *   Which field's values to use as the returned array keys.
   *
   * @return
   *   See EntityFieldQuery::execute().
   */
  function finishQuery($select_query, $id_key = 'entity_id') {
    foreach ($this->tags as $tag) {
      $select_query
        ->addTag($tag);
    }
    foreach ($this->metaData as $key => $object) {
      $select_query
        ->addMetaData($key, $object);
    }
    $select_query
      ->addMetaData('entity_field_query', $this);
    if ($this->range) {
      $select_query
        ->range($this->range['start'], $this->range['length']);
    }
    if ($this->count) {
      return $select_query
        ->countQuery()
        ->execute()
        ->fetchField();
    }
    $return = array();
    foreach ($select_query
      ->execute() as $partial_entity) {
      $bundle = isset($partial_entity->bundle) ? $partial_entity->bundle : NULL;
      $entity = entity_create_stub_entity($partial_entity->entity_type, array(
        $partial_entity->entity_id,
        $partial_entity->revision_id,
        $bundle,
      ));
      $return[$partial_entity->entity_type][$partial_entity->{$id_key}] = $entity;
      $this->ordered_results[] = $partial_entity;
    }
    return $return;
  }

  /**
   * Adds a condition to an already built SelectQuery (internal function).
   *
   * This is a helper for hook_entity_query() and hook_field_storage_query().
   *
   * @param SelectQuery $select_query
   *   A SelectQuery object.
   * @param $sql_field
   *   The name of the field.
   * @param $condition
   *   A condition as described in EntityFieldQuery::fieldCondition() and
   *   EntityFieldQuery::entityCondition().
   * @param $having
   *   HAVING or WHERE. This is necessary because SQL can't handle WHERE
   *   conditions on aliased columns.
   */
  public function addCondition(SelectQuery $select_query, $sql_field, $condition, $having = FALSE) {
    $method = $having ? 'havingCondition' : 'condition';
    $like_prefix = '';
    switch ($condition['operator']) {
      case 'CONTAINS':
        $like_prefix = '%';
      case 'STARTS_WITH':
        $select_query
          ->{$method}($sql_field, $like_prefix . db_like($condition['value']) . '%', 'LIKE');
        break;
      default:
        $select_query
          ->{$method}($sql_field, $condition['value'], $condition['operator']);
    }
  }

}

/**
 * Defines an exception thrown when a malformed entity is passed.
 */
class EntityMalformedException extends Exception {

}